Augmented reality (AR) is a live, direct or indirect, view of a physical, real-world environment whose elements are augmented by computer-generated sensory input such as sound, video, graphics or GPS data. It is related to a more general concept called mediated reality, in which a view of reality is modified (possibly even diminished rather than augmented) by a computer. As a result, the technology functions by enhancing one’s current perception of reality. By contrast, virtual reality replaces the real world with a simulated one.
Augmentation is conventionally in real-time and in semantic context with environmental elements, such as sports scores on TV during a match. With the help of advanced AR technology (e.g. adding computer vision and object recognition) the information about the surrounding real world of the user becomesinteractive and digitally manipulable. Artificial information about the environment and its objects can be overlaid on the real world. The term augmented reality is believed to have been coined in 1990 by Thomas Caudell, working at Boeing.[1]
Research explores the application of computer-generated imagery in live-video streams as a way to enhance the perception of the real world. AR technology includes head-mounted displays and virtual retinal displays for visualization purposes, and construction of controlled environments containing sensors andactuators.
Sports
AR has become common in sports telecasting. The yellow "first down" line seen in television broadcasts of American football games shows the line the offensive team must cross to receive a first down using the 1st & Ten system. The real-world elements are the football field and players, and the virtual element is the yellow line, which augments the image in real time. AR is also used in association football to show the result (or an advertisement) in the center circle. It is also used to display offside situations. Similarly, in ice hockey an AR colored trail shows location and direction of the puck. Sections of Rugby fields and cricket pitches display sponsored images. Swimming telecasts often add a line across the lanes to indicate the position of the current record holder as a race proceeds to allow viewers to compare the current race to the best performance. As an example of mediated (diminished) reality, the network may hide a real message or replace a real ad message with a virtual message.
Handheld video games
Nintendo 3DS and PlayStation Vita come with "AR Cards" (fiduciary markers) allowing to play games which use device camera (Nintendogs + Cats, Tetris Axis, AR Combat DigiQ).
Other
Head-up displays in AR cars such as some BMW 7 Series models or on airplanes are typically integrated into the windshield.. Passenger planes, like the Boeing 787 Dreamliner and the newest Boeing 737 Next Generation feature fold-down Head-up displays coming from just in front of the pilot's head so he doesn't have to look down while he is flying.
The F-35 Lightning II instead display information in the pilot's helmet mounted display, which allows the pilot to look through the aircraft's walls as if the pilot was floating in space.[5]
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